The 1981–2010 statistics exhibit the familiar climatological patterns across the contiguous United States. Snowfall and snow-depth statistics are provided for approximately 5300 of those stations, as compared with several hundred stations in the 1971–2000 normals. In the resulting product, average precipitation totals are available at approximately 9300 stations across the United States and parts of the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean islands.
NOAA PRECIPITATION TOTALS FULL
All parameters were calculated from a single, state-of-the-art dataset of daily observations, taking care to produce normals that were as representative as possible of the full 1981–2010 period, even when the underlying data records were incomplete. This paper describes the procedures used to calculate the average totals, frequencies of occurrence, and percentiles that constitute these normals. Climate Normals” released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center include a suite of monthly, seasonal, and annual statistics that are based on precipitation, snowfall, and snow-depth measurements. The vertical lines indicate the range of values at the three neighboring stations that were used to calculate the estimates: Asheville (USW00013872), Asheville Regional Airport (USW00003812), and Fletcher 3 W (USC00313106). Open triangles denote estimates for years during which observations are available and, when compared with the corresponding circles, provide a qualitative sense of the performance of the regression relationship used to generate the estimates. Filled triangles denote estimated PRCP totals that fill in gaps in the observed record.
NOAA PRECIPITATION TOTALS SERIES
Time series of September observed (circles) and estimated (triangles) precipitation totals (in.) between 19 at Enka (GHCN-Daily station USC00312837). Positive differences indicate that values were larger in 1981–2010. On the difference maps, only those stations are plotted whose underlying record for the parameter in question consisted of at least 25 yr of data in each of the two periods, with no more than three consecutive years missing. (left) Annual averages of selected parameters for 1981–2010, and (right) differences with corresponding values for 1971–2000 for (a),(b) annual precipitation totals (in.), (c),(d) annual snowfall totals (in.), and (e),(f) annual number of days with measurable (≥1 in. 6, but for the average number of July days with measurable precipitation. or 2.54 mm), and (c) measurable snow depth (SNWD = 1 in. or 0.254 mm), (b) measurable snowfall (SNOW ≥ 0.1 in. Maps of the 1981–2010 average number of January days with (a) measurable precipitation (PRCP = 0.01 in. Differences are shown in inches, and positive differences indicate that the average is greater than the median. Map of differences between the climatological average and median monthly precipitation totals for January during 1981–2010. 3, but for July average precipitation totals. Maps of 1981–2010 January average totals of (a) precipitation (in.) and (b) snowfall (in.) across the contiguous 48 states, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and various islands in the central and western Pacific (including American Samoa, Guam, Johnston Atoll, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Palau, and Wake Island).Īs in Fig. For details on these methods, see section 3a. The symbols identify the locations of the stations, and their shapes indicate how the average monthly total was computed: from a complete record of 30 observed July totals between 19 (circles), from a combination of observed and estimated July totals (squares), or using the quasi-normals approach (triangles). Numbers indicate the average precipitation totals in inches. Climate Normals.Īverage July precipitation totals during 1981–2010 for stations with varying degrees of data completeness in two distinct regions: (a) Champaign 9 SW (GHCN-Daily station USW00054808 40.0528°N, 88.3728°W) and its 10 nearest neighbors with average monthly PRCP totals and (b) all stations within 100 km of Zuni (USW00093044 35.0706°N, 108.8389°W). Locations of (a) the 9307 stations with average monthly precipitation totals and (b) the 5279 stations with the full range of precipitation, snowfall, and snow-depth statistics in the 1981–2010 U.S.
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